Recording of the breathing cycles of an examinee during a portion of the polygraph session when the examinee is not aware of it. Frequently, though not always, this is done just before or immediately after a test is conducted. Surreptitious breathing recordings are useful to help assess whether an examinee has altered his breathing during testing. Differences can indicate countermeasures. The motives of the examinee may be discerned with a Yes Test or other specialized techniques that help assess the examinee’s level of cooperation.