Special type of physical countermeasure in which an examinee will attempt to evoke physiologic responses by covertly self-inducing discomfort. Included in this group are strategies such as biting the tongue, pressing against a sharp object in the shoe, forcing a fingernail into the thumb cuticle, and irritating a wound. While spontaneous use of these tactics has not been found effective, they can be more powerful when the examinee receives training and feedback. See: Honts, Raskin & Kircher (1994); Krapohl (1996).
